BAILOUTS, STIMULUS PACKAGES OR REDISTRIBUTION OF ASSETS?
PART 2 of 2
Deanna Spingola
February 21, 2009
NewsWithViews.com
Unconstrained, the bankers have financed all of the profit-producing, declared and undeclared wars. The U.S. government alleged that the Second World War was caused by obstacles to free trade, exacerbated by the financial events of 1929 manifested in Nazi fascism and responsible for the tensions that led to the Second World War. As a consequence of their questionable theory, the conditions of receiving American economic aid included the implementation of a free trade policy. Free trade policies, like central banks, only assist the bankers and the corporations who exploit cheap labor in third world countries.
World War II ended the depression. There was plenty of money. People had jobs. Women were encouraged to work – more money to service the interest payments to the Federal Reserve. Shuffling women into the workplace was really never about equal rights and opportunities, despite the rhetoric. Bankers serve on corporate boards and control corporate decisions. They depress or increase corporate stock by leveraging loans. When stock prices are depressed, bankers' agents purchase large blocks of the company's stock. The bank may then approve a multi-million dollar loan to the company which increases the stock which can be sold at a profit. Billions are accrued, enabling the purchase of additional stock. The Federal Reserve Board manipulates the market by increasing or decreasing their discount rates. Stocks soar or crash at their whim, sustained by economic experts who manipulate public opinion.
The Fed can also coerce corporations to borrow huge sums so that earnings can be siphoned off to pay the interest to the banks, reducing actual profits. Banks may collect billions in interest through corporate loans even with depressed stock prices. The bankers benefit while individual stockholders suffer. New money or credit carries debt, keeping most citizens in a never-ending cycle of debt. Dumping more money into the system, which bailouts and stimulus packages do, devalues the money already in circulation which escalates the prices of basic commodities, usually without comparable wage increases. Compound interest on mortgages and other items produces massive profits for the banks. Over the term of a mortgage, a house ultimately costs as much as three homes. With numerous taxes attached to products and services, plundered Americans are drowning in debt. If you think you are off the hook because you have paid off your mortgage, just fail to pay property taxes and see how fast the government seizes your house. We have been transformed from a debt-free nation into a debt-ridden nation.
Since 1935, the one dollar Federal Reserve Note has had the Illuminati all-seeing eye within the Great Seal. At the base of the pyramid is Roman numerals 1776, the year the Illuminati was founded. One dollar bills were printed as Federal Reserve Notes beginning in 1963. The phrase “In God We Trust” was added in 1957. Considering the enslaving amount of usury that we pay, totally eschewed by Jesus, the Fed’s use of that statement on their notes appears to be an ironic hoax on the Christian citizens of this country. The Power Elite enjoy concealing their nefarious agenda in plain sight. Under the pyramid are the Latin words – “Nova Ordo Seclorum” which means “a new order of the ages” or “new order of the centuries.” The words “Annuit Coeptis” are above the eye which means “he looks upon your endeavors favorably.” Who would that be? Some suggest that it represents Osiris, Egypt’s pagan god.[1]
In 1958, Chase Manhattan Bank introduced the Chase Manhattan Charge Plan, the first bank in the nation to offer customers a convenient, immediate gratification interest-bearing credit card. Consumer credit, encouraged by constant tantalizing media advertising, has sky-rocketed. Recently, big pharma started advertising their consistently inadequately tested, questionably-safe products. If your doctor fails to prescribe their latest miracle cure or vaccines for every minor malady, just ask for the product or injection and hope that the side effects don’t permanently harm or kill you.
On June 4, 1963, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 11110 which directed the U.S. Treasury to issue $4,292,893,815 in interest-free U.S. Notes. On October 2, 1963, he issued NSAM 263, an order for the immediate withdrawal of 1,000 U.S. military advisors from Vietnam and a timetable for the withdrawal of all CIA operatives and U.S. personnel. This would have ended the steady stream of profits to the banks. He was assassinated on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas.
Government bailouts started in 1970 with the bailout of Penn Central which had 96,000 employees and had borrowed from most of the major banks. Additionally, those same banks held stock in the railroad and seats on their board of directors. They made many of the management decisions and were privy to insider financial information. The banks loaned the railroad more money – millions that were used to artificially inflate the stock market price and pay dividends. A month before the railroad failed and before the public was notified, Chase Manhattan’s trust department dumped 262,000 shares. The bevy of bankers who held the loans had received dividends on the worthless stock, earned interest on the loans and unloaded a total of 1.8 million share of stock after they collected the dividends.[2]
Lockheed was near bankruptcy in 1970. Bank of America had loaned them $400 million. Lockheed’s managers and employees approached congress with pleas – 31,000 jobs would be lost, national security would be at risk, sub contractors and suppliers would be hurt. Banks, due to Lockheed’s dire financial straits, would not make any further loans. Allegedly, to protect the economy, Treasury Secretary John B. Connally finagled a bailout plan guaranteed by the government (taxpayer). Once the government stepped in, the banks freely loaned Lockheed money. Ultimately, the government awarded hundreds of no-bid contracts to Lockheed which has become one of the nation’s biggest war contractors. Other similar companies who operated more efficiently lost contracts to Lockheed.[3]
Connally, a former big oil lawyer turned Texas governor, was riding in John F. Kennedy’s limousine in the motorcade and witnessed the president’s assassination.
Connally encouraged Johnson to be aggressive in accelerating and executing the war in Vietnam. When Connally was Treasury Secretary under Nixon, he oversaw a $50 billion increase in the debt limit. Additionally, he endorsed a $40 billion budget deficit referred to as a “fiscal stimulus.” At the time, five million Americans were unemployed. Secretary Connally announced Nixon’s program to increase gold prices and officially devalue the dollar. During Nixon’s administration, the U.S. was taken off the gold standard completely, a process started by Roosevelt.
Then there was the bailout of New York City, a city overflowing with corruption and a burgeoning bureaucracy. In 1975, New York, a huge welfare state, was unable to get additional credit. New York City employees, otherwise known as friends and relatives, were paid huge salaries for lower-paying comparable jobs in private industry. The city managed to get a loan from the Treasury for $2.3 billion, approved by Congress. It was enough to continue paying interest on their previous bank loans. The taxpayers suffered the consequences through massive inflation. But the banks collected their interest, a huge source of income. New York was supposed to make changes and reduce spending. That didn’t happen.[4] Chicago, with their glut of relative and friend employees, is in similar circumstances. But Mayor Daley manages to stealthily sell public property. Recently, it was the city’s parking meters. Now, in addition to inflation, citizens pay outrageous fees to park in the city which affects business. Before that, it was the famous Skyway.
Rod Blagojevich, the former Illinois governor was arrested December 9, 2008, the day after he publicly declared that the state of Illinois would suspend all business dealings with the Bank of America, the recipient of a $25 million bailout, until it restored a credit line to Republic Windows & Doors which, without credit, was forced to close and lay off their 240 employees. The governor apparently forgot who really runs everything. His indiscretions, attributable to every other professional politician, went unnoticed until he challenged the banks. Goldman Sachs, another bailout recipient, used $6.5 billion of our taxpayer dollars to give bonuses to their financial staff.
Banks create money with a computer keystroke. The money changers can print a $5 bill or a $100 bill for a few cents each. The Federal Reserve prints money to pay the obligations of the metastasizing government. Congress authorizes the Treasury Department to print U.S. bonds, held by the Federal Reserve which the government agrees to pay it back, plus interest, by plundering the labor of the taxpayers. The Fed now considers those bonds as assets, reserves to create more credit to lend to states, municipalities, individuals and businesses. Currently, banks give credit for home purchases, cars and other commodities that people used to save for. U.S. citizens depend on consumer and business credit. When that credit is arbitrarily withheld or withdrawn, industry and spending comes to a halt.
The Federal Reserve is the power behind the recently inaugurated, smooth-talking, charismatic Barack Obama who is overly-anxious to impose government control and dispense bailouts through the Stimulus Package. Through wealth transference and suppressive legislation designed to decrease liberty, each consecutive administration moves America closer to economic collapse and one world governance. Bush coerced passage of the PATRIOT Act (written long before 9/11 and unread by Congress), facilitated the Department of Homeland Security, increased the number of FEMA detention centers, allowed unrestrained illegal invasion to drain state economies (especially California), and incited invasive economy-destroying war against two countries which do not have central banks with debt-based money under the control of the international bankers. Arabs do not believe in charging or paying usury (interest on loans). By the end of 2008, the U.S. had spent $3 trillion on the Iraq War, borrowed from the Fed with interest.
With Obama, citizens will likely be disarmed, in direct violation of the 2nd Amendment, created for citizens to protect themselves against a tyrannical government. We will finally get Hillary Clinton’s universal health care. Big pharma, run in concert with big banks and insurance companies, the main benefactors. The government will make all health decisions – who lives, who dies, how many children one may bare, etc. Natural solutions for health care may be outlawed. Warfare will continue as demonstrated by the very recent deployment of 17,000 troops to Afghanistan. This, despite those campaign promises about reducing the troops. Warfare, a huge drain on our economy and a financial boon for the Fed, will continue. Troop numbers are being augmented by waiving criminal histories of those who enlist simply because they are unable to find work. The economy will ultimately bleed-out resulting in riots, food shortages and eventually martial law and perhaps mass detention.
The recent bailouts and the current stimulus package, disguised as assistance to the populace, is a huge transference of wealth – from the taxpayer’s pockets into the banker’s pockets. Any promised infrastructure enhancements may consist of such things as the completion of the unpublicized NAFTA super highway to connect Canada, the United States and Mexico. While in Denver signing the Stimulus Package, Obama said: “We will build on the work that’s being done in places like Boulder, Colorado – a community that is on pace to be the world’s first Smart Grid city.”[5] This appears to refer to an Agenda 21 program being initiated in Boulder by Xcel Energy.
Senators disregarded the taxpayer’s pleas to reject the socialist Stimulus Package. The taxpayers, stuck with the tab, are outraged. Democratic senators, including the newly-installed Roland Burris, voted for the stimulus. Burris is now under criminal investigation for his duplicitous involvement with Rod Blagojevich’s brother regarding questionable fundraising. This issue was concealed until after his guaranteed vote. Concealment of significant facts seems common with the incoming administration and its appointments. Apologies that follow embarrassing exposures somehow seem insincere.
The outrageous, squealing, pork-filled stimulus plan was designed to benefit the bankers and bleed America dry. The 1000+ page package was certainly written months ago. Pelosi, who recently claimed that America was losing 500 million jobs a month, lacks the intelligence to devise anything more that a one page yes-memo to the bankers that finance her repetitive campaigns. Congress, with few exceptions, have not represented the voters for decades. They are agents for the banks and corporations while paying lip service to their constituents during election campaigns. They profess concern for the voter’s essential needs and pass measures that appear to address those needs which in reality expand the coffers of big business and the banks. Meanwhile, members of congress collect generous salaries with regular self-approved pay increases, lobbyist perks, private health plans, and look forward to a life-long, non-Social-Security pension.
Ayn Rand (1905-1982) said in her book Atlas Shrugged: “When you see that trading is done, not by consent, but by compulsion – when you see that in order to produce, you need to obtain permission from men who produce nothing – when you see that money is flowing to those who deal, not in goods, but in favors – when you see that men get richer by graft and by pull than by work, and your laws don't protect you against them, but protect them against you – when you see corruption being rewarded and honesty becoming a self-sacrifice – you may know that your society is doomed.”
Banks and corporations run a centralized, metastasizing entity, disguised as the federal government. Their objectives are promoting war while financing both sides, confiscating people's money and resources, and propagandizing the naïve masses to maintain and perpetuate their power. Our two main political parties are their servants, government departments are the spending agencies, and the Internal Revenue Service, a private offshore corporation is the collection agency.
Thomas Jefferson said: “I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around [the banks] will deprive the people of all property until their children wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs.” For part one click below.
Footnotes:
1, The Greatest Story Never Told, Winston Churchill and the Crash of 1929 by Pat Riott, 1994, Nanoman Press, pg 28.
2, The Creature From Jekyll Island by G. Edward Griffin, American Media, 2002, pp. 41-48
3, Ibid
4, Ibid
5, Obama’s Remarks at Stimulus Signing, New York Times, February 17, 2009, p. 2
© 2008 Deanna Spingola - All Rights Reserved
PART 2 of 2
Deanna Spingola
February 21, 2009
NewsWithViews.com
Unconstrained, the bankers have financed all of the profit-producing, declared and undeclared wars. The U.S. government alleged that the Second World War was caused by obstacles to free trade, exacerbated by the financial events of 1929 manifested in Nazi fascism and responsible for the tensions that led to the Second World War. As a consequence of their questionable theory, the conditions of receiving American economic aid included the implementation of a free trade policy. Free trade policies, like central banks, only assist the bankers and the corporations who exploit cheap labor in third world countries.
World War II ended the depression. There was plenty of money. People had jobs. Women were encouraged to work – more money to service the interest payments to the Federal Reserve. Shuffling women into the workplace was really never about equal rights and opportunities, despite the rhetoric. Bankers serve on corporate boards and control corporate decisions. They depress or increase corporate stock by leveraging loans. When stock prices are depressed, bankers' agents purchase large blocks of the company's stock. The bank may then approve a multi-million dollar loan to the company which increases the stock which can be sold at a profit. Billions are accrued, enabling the purchase of additional stock. The Federal Reserve Board manipulates the market by increasing or decreasing their discount rates. Stocks soar or crash at their whim, sustained by economic experts who manipulate public opinion.
The Fed can also coerce corporations to borrow huge sums so that earnings can be siphoned off to pay the interest to the banks, reducing actual profits. Banks may collect billions in interest through corporate loans even with depressed stock prices. The bankers benefit while individual stockholders suffer. New money or credit carries debt, keeping most citizens in a never-ending cycle of debt. Dumping more money into the system, which bailouts and stimulus packages do, devalues the money already in circulation which escalates the prices of basic commodities, usually without comparable wage increases. Compound interest on mortgages and other items produces massive profits for the banks. Over the term of a mortgage, a house ultimately costs as much as three homes. With numerous taxes attached to products and services, plundered Americans are drowning in debt. If you think you are off the hook because you have paid off your mortgage, just fail to pay property taxes and see how fast the government seizes your house. We have been transformed from a debt-free nation into a debt-ridden nation.
Since 1935, the one dollar Federal Reserve Note has had the Illuminati all-seeing eye within the Great Seal. At the base of the pyramid is Roman numerals 1776, the year the Illuminati was founded. One dollar bills were printed as Federal Reserve Notes beginning in 1963. The phrase “In God We Trust” was added in 1957. Considering the enslaving amount of usury that we pay, totally eschewed by Jesus, the Fed’s use of that statement on their notes appears to be an ironic hoax on the Christian citizens of this country. The Power Elite enjoy concealing their nefarious agenda in plain sight. Under the pyramid are the Latin words – “Nova Ordo Seclorum” which means “a new order of the ages” or “new order of the centuries.” The words “Annuit Coeptis” are above the eye which means “he looks upon your endeavors favorably.” Who would that be? Some suggest that it represents Osiris, Egypt’s pagan god.[1]
In 1958, Chase Manhattan Bank introduced the Chase Manhattan Charge Plan, the first bank in the nation to offer customers a convenient, immediate gratification interest-bearing credit card. Consumer credit, encouraged by constant tantalizing media advertising, has sky-rocketed. Recently, big pharma started advertising their consistently inadequately tested, questionably-safe products. If your doctor fails to prescribe their latest miracle cure or vaccines for every minor malady, just ask for the product or injection and hope that the side effects don’t permanently harm or kill you.
On June 4, 1963, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 11110 which directed the U.S. Treasury to issue $4,292,893,815 in interest-free U.S. Notes. On October 2, 1963, he issued NSAM 263, an order for the immediate withdrawal of 1,000 U.S. military advisors from Vietnam and a timetable for the withdrawal of all CIA operatives and U.S. personnel. This would have ended the steady stream of profits to the banks. He was assassinated on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas.
Government bailouts started in 1970 with the bailout of Penn Central which had 96,000 employees and had borrowed from most of the major banks. Additionally, those same banks held stock in the railroad and seats on their board of directors. They made many of the management decisions and were privy to insider financial information. The banks loaned the railroad more money – millions that were used to artificially inflate the stock market price and pay dividends. A month before the railroad failed and before the public was notified, Chase Manhattan’s trust department dumped 262,000 shares. The bevy of bankers who held the loans had received dividends on the worthless stock, earned interest on the loans and unloaded a total of 1.8 million share of stock after they collected the dividends.[2]
Lockheed was near bankruptcy in 1970. Bank of America had loaned them $400 million. Lockheed’s managers and employees approached congress with pleas – 31,000 jobs would be lost, national security would be at risk, sub contractors and suppliers would be hurt. Banks, due to Lockheed’s dire financial straits, would not make any further loans. Allegedly, to protect the economy, Treasury Secretary John B. Connally finagled a bailout plan guaranteed by the government (taxpayer). Once the government stepped in, the banks freely loaned Lockheed money. Ultimately, the government awarded hundreds of no-bid contracts to Lockheed which has become one of the nation’s biggest war contractors. Other similar companies who operated more efficiently lost contracts to Lockheed.[3]
Connally, a former big oil lawyer turned Texas governor, was riding in John F. Kennedy’s limousine in the motorcade and witnessed the president’s assassination.
Connally encouraged Johnson to be aggressive in accelerating and executing the war in Vietnam. When Connally was Treasury Secretary under Nixon, he oversaw a $50 billion increase in the debt limit. Additionally, he endorsed a $40 billion budget deficit referred to as a “fiscal stimulus.” At the time, five million Americans were unemployed. Secretary Connally announced Nixon’s program to increase gold prices and officially devalue the dollar. During Nixon’s administration, the U.S. was taken off the gold standard completely, a process started by Roosevelt.
Then there was the bailout of New York City, a city overflowing with corruption and a burgeoning bureaucracy. In 1975, New York, a huge welfare state, was unable to get additional credit. New York City employees, otherwise known as friends and relatives, were paid huge salaries for lower-paying comparable jobs in private industry. The city managed to get a loan from the Treasury for $2.3 billion, approved by Congress. It was enough to continue paying interest on their previous bank loans. The taxpayers suffered the consequences through massive inflation. But the banks collected their interest, a huge source of income. New York was supposed to make changes and reduce spending. That didn’t happen.[4] Chicago, with their glut of relative and friend employees, is in similar circumstances. But Mayor Daley manages to stealthily sell public property. Recently, it was the city’s parking meters. Now, in addition to inflation, citizens pay outrageous fees to park in the city which affects business. Before that, it was the famous Skyway.
Rod Blagojevich, the former Illinois governor was arrested December 9, 2008, the day after he publicly declared that the state of Illinois would suspend all business dealings with the Bank of America, the recipient of a $25 million bailout, until it restored a credit line to Republic Windows & Doors which, without credit, was forced to close and lay off their 240 employees. The governor apparently forgot who really runs everything. His indiscretions, attributable to every other professional politician, went unnoticed until he challenged the banks. Goldman Sachs, another bailout recipient, used $6.5 billion of our taxpayer dollars to give bonuses to their financial staff.
Banks create money with a computer keystroke. The money changers can print a $5 bill or a $100 bill for a few cents each. The Federal Reserve prints money to pay the obligations of the metastasizing government. Congress authorizes the Treasury Department to print U.S. bonds, held by the Federal Reserve which the government agrees to pay it back, plus interest, by plundering the labor of the taxpayers. The Fed now considers those bonds as assets, reserves to create more credit to lend to states, municipalities, individuals and businesses. Currently, banks give credit for home purchases, cars and other commodities that people used to save for. U.S. citizens depend on consumer and business credit. When that credit is arbitrarily withheld or withdrawn, industry and spending comes to a halt.
The Federal Reserve is the power behind the recently inaugurated, smooth-talking, charismatic Barack Obama who is overly-anxious to impose government control and dispense bailouts through the Stimulus Package. Through wealth transference and suppressive legislation designed to decrease liberty, each consecutive administration moves America closer to economic collapse and one world governance. Bush coerced passage of the PATRIOT Act (written long before 9/11 and unread by Congress), facilitated the Department of Homeland Security, increased the number of FEMA detention centers, allowed unrestrained illegal invasion to drain state economies (especially California), and incited invasive economy-destroying war against two countries which do not have central banks with debt-based money under the control of the international bankers. Arabs do not believe in charging or paying usury (interest on loans). By the end of 2008, the U.S. had spent $3 trillion on the Iraq War, borrowed from the Fed with interest.
With Obama, citizens will likely be disarmed, in direct violation of the 2nd Amendment, created for citizens to protect themselves against a tyrannical government. We will finally get Hillary Clinton’s universal health care. Big pharma, run in concert with big banks and insurance companies, the main benefactors. The government will make all health decisions – who lives, who dies, how many children one may bare, etc. Natural solutions for health care may be outlawed. Warfare will continue as demonstrated by the very recent deployment of 17,000 troops to Afghanistan. This, despite those campaign promises about reducing the troops. Warfare, a huge drain on our economy and a financial boon for the Fed, will continue. Troop numbers are being augmented by waiving criminal histories of those who enlist simply because they are unable to find work. The economy will ultimately bleed-out resulting in riots, food shortages and eventually martial law and perhaps mass detention.
The recent bailouts and the current stimulus package, disguised as assistance to the populace, is a huge transference of wealth – from the taxpayer’s pockets into the banker’s pockets. Any promised infrastructure enhancements may consist of such things as the completion of the unpublicized NAFTA super highway to connect Canada, the United States and Mexico. While in Denver signing the Stimulus Package, Obama said: “We will build on the work that’s being done in places like Boulder, Colorado – a community that is on pace to be the world’s first Smart Grid city.”[5] This appears to refer to an Agenda 21 program being initiated in Boulder by Xcel Energy.
Senators disregarded the taxpayer’s pleas to reject the socialist Stimulus Package. The taxpayers, stuck with the tab, are outraged. Democratic senators, including the newly-installed Roland Burris, voted for the stimulus. Burris is now under criminal investigation for his duplicitous involvement with Rod Blagojevich’s brother regarding questionable fundraising. This issue was concealed until after his guaranteed vote. Concealment of significant facts seems common with the incoming administration and its appointments. Apologies that follow embarrassing exposures somehow seem insincere.
The outrageous, squealing, pork-filled stimulus plan was designed to benefit the bankers and bleed America dry. The 1000+ page package was certainly written months ago. Pelosi, who recently claimed that America was losing 500 million jobs a month, lacks the intelligence to devise anything more that a one page yes-memo to the bankers that finance her repetitive campaigns. Congress, with few exceptions, have not represented the voters for decades. They are agents for the banks and corporations while paying lip service to their constituents during election campaigns. They profess concern for the voter’s essential needs and pass measures that appear to address those needs which in reality expand the coffers of big business and the banks. Meanwhile, members of congress collect generous salaries with regular self-approved pay increases, lobbyist perks, private health plans, and look forward to a life-long, non-Social-Security pension.
Ayn Rand (1905-1982) said in her book Atlas Shrugged: “When you see that trading is done, not by consent, but by compulsion – when you see that in order to produce, you need to obtain permission from men who produce nothing – when you see that money is flowing to those who deal, not in goods, but in favors – when you see that men get richer by graft and by pull than by work, and your laws don't protect you against them, but protect them against you – when you see corruption being rewarded and honesty becoming a self-sacrifice – you may know that your society is doomed.”
Banks and corporations run a centralized, metastasizing entity, disguised as the federal government. Their objectives are promoting war while financing both sides, confiscating people's money and resources, and propagandizing the naïve masses to maintain and perpetuate their power. Our two main political parties are their servants, government departments are the spending agencies, and the Internal Revenue Service, a private offshore corporation is the collection agency.
Thomas Jefferson said: “I believe that banking institutions are more dangerous to our liberties than standing armies. If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issue of their currency, first by inflation, then by deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around [the banks] will deprive the people of all property until their children wake-up homeless on the continent their fathers conquered. The issuing power should be taken from the banks and restored to the people, to whom it properly belongs.” For part one click below.
Footnotes:
1, The Greatest Story Never Told, Winston Churchill and the Crash of 1929 by Pat Riott, 1994, Nanoman Press, pg 28.
2, The Creature From Jekyll Island by G. Edward Griffin, American Media, 2002, pp. 41-48
3, Ibid
4, Ibid
5, Obama’s Remarks at Stimulus Signing, New York Times, February 17, 2009, p. 2
© 2008 Deanna Spingola - All Rights Reserved
posted by shummer60 at Sunday, February 22, 2009
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